We all have our senses. We call them sense organs because they allow us to sense even the tiniest particle or object when it gets stuck to them. We mainly discuss the five senses: our eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. But, basically, we are going to talk about Eyes as ‘the beautiful feature of our body. ‘ I said they are attractive because they really are.
We must understand the problems and solutions related to these beautiful organs. Everything has its positive and negative sides, too.
As talking about eyes, if any problems arise with such delicate organs, we recommend some of the therapies such as:-
- Optical
- Medical
- Surgical
- Laser
- Cryotherapy
- Vision Therapy
First of all, talking about
1. Optical Therapy
It could be done by the following methods:-
- Refractive errors
- Anomalies of accommodation
- Strabismus
- Method of Correction
Having a detailed study of Refractive errors that are further divided into three types:-
• Hypermetropia
It is mainly called long-sightedness. In this case, the light rays from the infinity point are focused behind the retina. It occurs when accommodation is at rest.
• Myopia
It is mainly called short-sightedness. In this light, rays coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina; it is when accommodation is at rest
• Astigmatism
This type of refraction is not the same at all.
Now talking mainly about Anomalies of Accommodation.
In this, we study what leads to( paralysis of accommodation)
Strabismus
Talking about strabismus is a strange defect in which eyes do not seem similar. In this, you have to face such defects, and it is further of two types:-
- Accommodative Esotropia -:. Esotropia is mainly caused due to excessive abnormal accommodation.
- Intermittent Exotopia-: If we talk about Exotropia, it only manifests at a certain point.
Method of:
- Spectacle glass
- Contact lenses
- Laser refractive therapy
- Corneal refractive therapy
2. Medical Therapy
It includes a total of four methods, which are mentioned below:
- Topical instillation into the conjunctival Sac
- Systemic administration
- Periocular injection
- intraocular injection
Topical instillation into the conjunctival Sac:
They could be dispensed in the form of -
: Eye drops, ointments, Gel, soft contact lenses.
Eye drops:
Eye drops are especially used during the daytime. They have immediate action. If eyes get red due to insects or soil particles entering, these eye drops serve the best purpose of cleansing them and protecting them from any kind of irritation.
Ointments:
Ointments are usually suitably applied at night or, more conveniently, during bedtime. They are mainly applied to the outer areas, where they do not cause much harm, but they must only be used to internal organs or internally after proper prescriptions from a doctor.
Gels:-
Gels are also used for the protection of eyes.
Soft contact lenses:
Soft contact lenses are also used for eye protection. They are much easier to apply and handle. One thing that must be remembered is that these lenses must always be kept away from germs. They are much more transparent, so they need to be protected and kept safe.
Periocular injection:
- It also has its subtypes: Subconjunctival injection and subtenon injection.
- Subconjunctival injection: It helps move large molecules.
- Subtenon injection:- It is much better than subconjunctival injection. Anterior subtenon is used to dispense steroids.
3. Surgical Therapy:
By the name, it is clear it is related to surgeries. We are just talking about eye therapies, one of the most convenient methods. The first method is the method for Surgery of the lid:
Sometimes, these deformities are visible on the eyelids, as in some cases, they are much more severe, and in some cases, they are present on the upper lid, which causes irritation. They may be:-
- Incomplete closure of eyelid
- Ectropion
- Ptosis
Secondly, it is Surgery of Conjunctiva-:
The conjunctiva is a clear, thin surface covering the eye's front surface. These are very delicate parts of the eye.
Two methods included in it are-:
- Pterygium
- Conjunctival cysts
Some more surgeries included are as follows :
- Surgery of cornea:-They is done as in keratoplasty
- Surgery of Sclera:- They are done as in scleral buckling
- Surgery of Cataract:- Sometimes, cases of cataracts are also more severe.SICs (Small In-vision Cataract Surgery) could be done in this case.
- Surgery of Vitreous: It can be done by Vitrectomy. A vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor.
- Surgery of the Retina: If a retina break occurs, photocoagulation is done. If Scleral buckling occurs, a silicon band is mainly used.
4. Laser Therapy
LASER ( Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission Of Radiation) is the mechanism for emitting electromagnetic radiation through stimulated emission.
Properties of laser:-
- Monochromatic
- Coherence
- No scattering
Laser used in Ophthalmology
▪ Photocoagulation:- coagulation means (clotting)
Tissue coagulation uses a laser that produces light in the visible green wavelength(lambda), which is selectively absorbed by hemoglobin, to seal off bleeding blood vessels.
Further discussion about Cryotherapy:-
It means to produce tissue injury by application of intense cold (-40°C to 100°C)
Cryo units mainly use freon, nitrous oxide, or carbon dioxide gas as cooling agents.
It is mainly aimed at decreasing inflammation and promoting vasoconstriction. Extreme temperatures help destroy cells by crystallizing the cytosol.
5. Vision Therapy
Vision therapy is like physical therapy. It enhances, protects, or develops our sound visual system, including the parts of the eyes and brain that help control vision. Vision problems are mainly corrected by vision therapies. When we read, we face difficulties.
It may include lenses, prisms, etc . for eye protection and correction.
- It’s also called orthoptics, eye training, or exercises.
- It helps in correcting the eye movement.
So, these therapies help protect and care for the eyes.
